Showing posts with label USPTO. Show all posts
Showing posts with label USPTO. Show all posts

Wednesday, September 10, 2025

Is “Hunting Patent Trolls” a Thing of the Past? Corporate Survival Strategies as the USPTO Raises the IPR Bar

 

“What if your business license had to be reviewed every year?” A bold statement from the Acting Director of the USPTO heralds a major upheaval in the U.S. patent system! In this deep analysis, we examine what patent holders and companies need to know in the face of a sweeping paradigm shift brought about by Acting Director Stewart’s pro-patent policies.

 

Recently, Acting Director Coke Morgan Stewart delivered a keynote speech at the IPOA annual meeting that sounded like a seismic shift in the U.S. patent landscape. In unusually strong terms, he criticized the current IPR system, saying, “Imagine if your college degree or your home ownership were reviewed every year, endlessly, by anyone and everyone.” He argued that this kind of system undermines the constitutional rights and certainty afforded to patent holders.

Stewart asserted, “A stable patent system is essential to a stable economy,” and directly targeted the structural flaws of the current system—particularly the ease of repeatedly challenging patents under a low burden of proof. He further suggested that PTAB’s high invalidation rates may be a “statistical illusion” caused by repeated challenges, and that the Federal Circuit’s “reasonableness” standard alone cannot ensure the substantive accuracy of PTAB decisions. This speech makes it clear that the USPTO will actively promote policies that significantly strengthen patent stability. So, how should companies prepare amid this large wave of change? Let’s dive into the core issues. ๐Ÿ˜Š

 

๐Ÿ“œ What's Changed at the USPTO: Stewart’s Three Key Pro‑Patent Initiatives

Stewart has rolled out distinctly different policies under the banner of a "strong and stable" patent system. Most notably, the bar for challenging already-issued patents through IPR has been raised—making it significantly harder to invalidate patents. We can break down these major changes into three key points:

  1. Resurgence of Discretionary Denial & bifurcated proceedings: Not only has the flexibility introduced under former Director Kathi Vidal been reversed, but as of March 2025, IPR proceedings have become two-tiered—split between “discretionary denial assessment” and “merits review.” This shift is paving the way for more discretionary denials in favor of patent holders.
  2. New grounds for denial: “Settled Expectations”: This concept is critical. If a patent has been valid for a long time, protecting the social and economic reliance on that patent—i.e., ‘settled expectations’—becomes paramount. Thus, older patents are now much harder to challenge via IPR.
  3. Separate briefing process introduced: Under the USPTO’s interim procedures issued March 26, 2025, patent owners may now submit a separate brief arguing for discretionary denial—known as the Discretionary Denial Brief—and it’s capped at 14,000 words. This matching word limit ensures that patent holders have a robust opportunity to defend their rights.

 

๐Ÿค” Who Benefits More—Patent Holders or Challengers?

Clearly, these changes affect market players differently. Patent owners stand to gain, while challengers face increasing hurdles. Here's a summary in a convenient table:

Category Patent Holder Practicing Entity (Challenger)
Advantages Stronger IPR defenses, increased patent value, more leverage in licensing
Disadvantages Risk of prosecution laches (though difficult to establish in practice) Harder to invalidate patents via IPR, increased legal costs, vulnerability to NPEs
Key Strategy Leverage continuations, strengthen discretionary denial arguments File IPRs early and in compliance, utilize defensive patent communities
๐Ÿ’ก Quick Tip: What Is Prosecution Laches?
Prosecution laches refers to the doctrine preventing patent owners from intentionally delaying prosecution to target competitors later. However, courts apply this doctrine very sparingly—especially where normal continuation strategies are used. In practice, it’s very hard for a challenger to neutralize a patent by relying on prosecution laches alone.

 

๐Ÿš€ Tailored Strategies for Your Company

Given these sweeping changes, how should your company navigate the IPR landscape? We’ve outlined actionable strategies for both patent holders and challengers:

๐Ÿ‘‘ “Aggressive Value‑Maximization” Strategy for Patent Holders

Your patents are now more powerful than ever—use that to your advantage.

  • Maximize Continuations: Secure core technologies early, then build a dense patent portfolio through strategic continuations—this allows you to block competitors and set up for stronger licensing opportunities down the line.
  • Invoke the “Settled Expectations” Principle: Emphasize that your patent has been relied upon in the marketplace—especially if it’s been six years or more since issuance—to argue against IPR initiation.

๐Ÿ›ก “Strategic Workaround” & “Rapid Response” Strategy for Challengers

IPR isn’t as powerful as it used to be—but a smart, rapid approach can still make a difference.

  • Timing and compliance are critical: IPR is now a race. You must file within 9 months after patent issuance or within one year of being sued—but beware that the USPTO may also deny IPR if a patent has been around for ~6 years or if civil or ITC proceedings are well underway.
  • Target exceptions to “Settled Expectations”: Older patents can still be challenged if you uncover powerful new invalidity evidence or show the patent was never practiced or licensed—thus no settled expectations apply.
  • Use defensive networks like LOT Network & Unified Patent: If you're a small company concerned about NPE attacks, joining a collaborative defense community can offer collective patent risk mitigation.
๐Ÿ’ก Legislative Spotlight:
Beyond administrative changes, Congress is also pursuing pro-patent legislation. These bills highlight where the U.S. patent system may be headed:
  • PREVAIL Act: Aims to revamp PTAB structure and bolster patent holder protection—designed to curb challenger abuse of IPR and stabilize issued patents.
  • RESTORE Patent Rights Act: Would make it easier for patent holders to secure permanent injunctions following infringement victories—adding pressure on infringers.
  • PERA (Patent Eligibility Restoration Act): Seeks to clarify §101 patent subject-matter eligibility—especially for software and business methods—to make it easier for such inventions to obtain patents.

 

๐Ÿ’ก

Key Takeaways from USPTO’s 2025 Policy Shifts

Pro-Patent Era: Stewart’s policies significantly strengthen patent holders’ rights.
Higher IPR Bar: Fintiv and “Settled Expectations” make invalidating patents older than six years much harder.
Patent Holder Strategy: Leverage continuations and assert discretionary denial to maximize patent value.
Challenger Strategy: File timely IPRs and consider collective defenses such as LOT Network.

 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q: What’s the most important timing restriction when filing an IPR?
A: You must consider both statutory and discretionary limits. Statutorily, you must file within one year of being sued for infringement. Discretionarily, the USPTO is more likely to deny IPR if a patent has been issued for ~6 years or if other litigation has already advanced significantly.
Q: Does that mean older patents can never be invalidated?
A: It’s very difficult, but not impossible. If you uncover a strong “smoking gun” prior art reference, or show the patent has never been practiced or licensed, you may argue the “Settled Expectations” doctrine doesn’t apply. You can also pursue invalidity in federal court.
Q: We’re a small startup. Are these changes especially challenging for us?
A: Yes, startups face tougher conditions, as large corporations’ patent portfolios become even stronger. That’s why collective defense is key—joining groups like LOT Network (where members agree not to sue each other with patents) or Unified Patent (focused on invalidating NPE patents) can provide cost-effective protection.

Today we reviewed major changes in the U.S. patent system for 2025. It’s a pivotal moment: an opportunity for patent holders, but a serious challenge for challengers. As always, companies that read the shifts correctly and act quickly will prevail. Still, given that much of America’s innovation is driven by startups, policymakers may need to fine-tune these changes to ensure small businesses remain protected. I hope this analysis helps your business. If you have questions, feel free to ask in the comments! ๐Ÿ˜‰

*This post is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For specific issues, please consult with a qualified professional.

※ This blog post is intended for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice on any specific matter. For individual legal issues, please consult a qualified professional.

“ํŠนํ—ˆ ๊ดด๋ฌผ ์žก์•„๋ผ”๋Š” ์˜›๋ง? IPR ๋ฌธํ„ฑ ๋†’์ธ USPTO, ๊ธฐ์—… ์ƒ์กด ์ „๋žต์€?

 

“๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ฉดํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋งค๋…„ ์žฌ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด?” USPTO ๊ตญ์žฅ์˜ ์ž‘์‹ฌ ๋ฐœ์–ธ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํŠนํ—ˆ ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋Œ€๊ฒฉ๋ณ€์„ ์˜ˆ๊ณ ํ•˜๋‹ค!

Stewart ๋Œ€ํ–‰ ๊ตญ์žฅ์˜ ์นœํŠนํ—ˆ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ IPR ์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„ ์ „ํ™˜ ์†์—์„œ ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ถŒ์ž์™€ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ์ƒ์กด ์ „๋žต์„ ์‹ฌ์ธต ๋ถ„์„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํŠนํ—ˆ์ƒํ‘œ์ฒญ(USPTO)์˜ Coke Morgan Stewart ์ฒญ์žฅ ๋Œ€ํ–‰์ด ์ง€์‹์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ์žํ˜‘ํšŒ(IPOA) ์—ฐ๋ก€ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กฐ์—ฐ์„ค์€, ๊ทธ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํŠนํ—ˆ ์ œ๋„์˜ ์ง€๊ฐ ๋ณ€๋™์„ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธํƒ„์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ํŠนํ—ˆ ๋ฌดํšจ ์‹ฌํŒ(IPR) ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด “๋งˆ์น˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ•™์œ„๋‚˜ ์ฃผํƒ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์ด ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์‹œํ•œ ์—†์ด, ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋‚˜, ๋งค๋…„ ์žฌ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.”๋ผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ก€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์–ด์กฐ๋กœ ๋น„ํŒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ถŒ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋œ ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ›ผ์†ํ•˜๋Š”, ๋น„์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .

Stewart ๊ตญ์žฅ์€ “์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ํŠนํ—ˆ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค”๊ณ  ๋‹จ์–ธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ฆ๋ช… ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์‹ฌ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„ํ–‰ ์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ์ •๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒจ๋ƒฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋†’์€ PTAB(ํŠนํ—ˆ์‹ฌํŒ์›)์˜ ํŠนํ—ˆ ์ทจ์†Œ์œจ์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ๋„์ „์— ์˜ํ•œ ‘ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ์ฐฉ์‹œ’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์ˆœํšŒ๋ฒ•์›์˜ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ’ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ์ค€๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” PTAB ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ์‹ค์งˆ์  ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ์„ ๋‹ด๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ผฌ์ง‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ์„ค์€ USPTO๊ฐ€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ถŒ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๋Œ€ํญ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ฒฐ ์†์—์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ์ง€๊ธˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ทธ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์„ ์งš์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๐Ÿ˜Š

 

๐Ÿ“œ ํ™• ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง„ USPTO, Stewart ๊ตญ์žฅ์˜ ์นœํŠนํ—ˆ ์ •์ฑ… ํ•ต์‹ฌ 3๊ฐ€์ง€

Stewart ๊ตญ์žฅ์€ ‘๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ํŠนํ—ˆ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ’์„ ๋‚ด์„ธ์šฐ๋ฉฐ ์ด์ „๊ณผ๋Š” ํ™•์—ฐํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ •์ฑ…๋“ค์„ ๋‚ด๋†“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ํŠนํ—ˆ ๋ฌดํšจ ์‹ฌํŒ์ธ IPR(Inter Partes Review) ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋ฌธํ„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ธ๋ฐ์š”. ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด, ์ด๋ฏธ ๋“ฑ๋ก๋œ ํŠนํ—ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌดํšจ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์›Œ์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์š”์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  1. IPR ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ ๊ถŒํ•œ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ™œ ๋ฐ ์ ˆ์ฐจ ์ด์›ํ™”: Kathi Vidal ์ „ ์ฒญ์žฅ์ด ์™„ํ™”ํ–ˆ๋˜ ‘Fintiv ์›์น™’์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ–ˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, 2025๋…„ 3์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” IPR ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ‘์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์  ๊ฑฐ์ ˆ ํŒ๋‹จ’๊ณผ ‘์‹ค์ฒด์  ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ’๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ถŒ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์  ๊ฑฐ์ ˆ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ ์š”์ธ, ‘์ •์ฐฉ๋œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€(Settled Expectations)’์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ: ์ด ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ์š”. ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์œ ํšจํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ , ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์‹ ๋ขฐ, ์ฆ‰ ‘์ •์ฐฉ๋œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€’๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ํŠนํ—ˆ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก IPR์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฌดํšจ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  3. ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ์„œ๋ฉด ์ œ์ถœ ์ ˆ์ฐจ ๋„์ž…: 2025๋…„ 3์›” 26์ผ์ž USPTO์˜ ์ž„์‹œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ(Interim Process Memo)์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, IPR ๋ฐ PGR ์ ˆ์ฐจ์—์„œ ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ถŒ์ž๋Š” ‘์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์  ๊ฑฐ์ ˆ’์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ์„œ๋ฉด์„ ์ œ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๊ฐœ์‹œ ์„œ๋ฉด(Discretionary Denial Brief)์€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 14,000๋‹จ์–ด(word limit) ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์˜ˆ๋น„ ๋Œ€์‘ ์„œ๋ฉด(word limits)๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ถ„๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ถŒ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์–ดํ•  ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

๐Ÿค” ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ถŒ์ž vs ๋„์ „์ž, ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์›ƒ์–ด์ค„๊นŒ?

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ชฝ๊ณผ ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฌดํšจํ™”ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ชฝ์˜ ํฌ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์—‡๊ฐˆ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์ฃ . ํ•œ๋ˆˆ์— ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ‘œ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ถŒ์ž (๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์ž) ์‹ค์‹œ๊ธฐ์—… (๋„์ „์ž)
์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์  ๐Ÿ‘ IPR ๋ฐฉ์–ด ์šฉ์ด, ํŠนํ—ˆ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์ƒ์Šน, ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ํ˜‘์ƒ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™” -
๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์  ๐Ÿ‘Ž ‘Prosecution Laches’ ์œ„ํ—˜ (๋‹จ, ์ธ์ • ์š”๊ฑด์ด ์—„๊ฒฉํ•ด ์‹คํšจ์„ฑ์€ ์ œํ•œ์ ) IPR ํ†ตํ•œ ํŠนํ—ˆ ๋ฌดํšจํ™” ์–ด๋ ค์›€, ์†Œ์†ก ๋น„์šฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, NPE ๊ณต๊ฒฉ ์ทจ์•ฝ
ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ „๋žต ๐Ÿ’ก ๊ณ„์†์ถœ์›(Continuation) ํ™œ์šฉ, ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ ์ฃผ์žฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™” IPR ์กฐ๊ธฐ ์‹ ์ฒญ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ธฐ ์ค€์ˆ˜, ๋ฐฉ์–ด์  ํŠนํ—ˆ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ
๐Ÿ’ก ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ž ๊น! Prosecution Laches๋ž€?
ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ถŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŠนํ—ˆ ์ถœ์› ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œ์ผœ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ƒ์šฉํ™”ํ•œ ๋’ค์—์•ผ ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ฑ๋กํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ฒ•์›์€ ์ด ์ฃผ์žฅ์˜ ์ธ์ • ์š”๊ฑด์„ ๋งค์šฐ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ‘๊ณ„์†์ถœ์›’ ์ „๋žต์—๋Š” ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ถŒ์ž๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ํ‘œ์ ์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ •ํ•ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋„์ „์ž๊ฐ€ Prosecution Laches์—๋งŒ ์˜์กดํ•˜์—ฌ ํŠนํ—ˆ์˜ ํž˜์„ ๋นผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

๐Ÿš€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ๋Œ€์‘ ์ „๋žต

๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ฒฐ ์†์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ญํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ถŒ์ž์™€ ๋„์ „์ž, ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์‘ ์ „๋žต์„ ์„ธ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ‘‘ ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ถŒ์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ‘๊ณต๊ฒฉ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”’ ์ „๋žต

์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ํŠนํ—ˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์–ด๋А ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ฐฉํŒจ์ด์ž ์ฐฝ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ๊ณ„์†์ถœ์›(Continuation) ์ ๊ทน ํ™œ์šฉ: ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฅผ ๋จผ์ € ํ™•๋ณดํ•œ ๋’ค, ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ๊ณ„์†์ถœ์›์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํŠนํ—ˆ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ด˜์ด˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™•์žฅํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”. ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฌ์ œํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋” ํฐ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „๋žต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ‘์ •์ฐฉ๋œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€’ ์›์น™ ํ™œ์šฉ: ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ , ํŠนํžˆ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๋“ฑ๋ก ํ›„ 6๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ดํ•„ํ•˜์—ฌ IPR ๊ฐœ์‹œ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๋Š” ์ „๋žต์„ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ›ก️ ๋„์ „์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ‘์ „๋žต์  ์šฐํšŒ’ ๋ฐ ‘์‹ ์† ๋Œ€์‘’ ์ „๋žต

IPR์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ „ ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ธธ์€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ , ๋” ์ „๋žต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์›€์ง์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • IPR, ํƒ€์ด๋ฐ๊ณผ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์ƒ๋ช…: IPR์€ ์ด์ œ ํƒ€์ด๋ฐ ์‹ธ์›€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ①ํŠนํ—ˆ ๋“ฑ๋ก ํ›„ 9๊ฐœ์›” ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ, ②์นจํ•ด ์†Œ์†ก ํ”ผ๊ณ  ์‹œ 1๋…„ ์ด๋‚ด ์‹ ์ฒญ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€์  ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ œํ•œ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ํ•ด, USPTO์˜ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์  ๊ฑฐ์ ˆ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ—ˆ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋“ฑ๋ก ํ›„ ์•ฝ 6๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ํŠนํ—ˆ๋Š” ‘์ •์ฐฉ๋œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€’ ์›์น™์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ IPR ๊ฐœ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ๋ฏผ์‚ฌ ์†Œ์†ก์ด๋‚˜ ITC ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ์ž์› ๋‚ญ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด IPR์„ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ‘์ •์ฐฉ๋œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€’์˜ ์˜ˆ์™ธ ์‚ฌ์œ  ๊ณต๋žต: ๋“ฑ๋ก๋œ ์ง€ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ผ๋„, ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์‹ ๊ทœ ๋ฌดํšจ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ํ•ด๋‹น ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ „ํ˜€ ์‹ค์‹œ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ ์Šค๋œ ์ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜๋ฉด ‘์ •์ฐฉ๋œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€’๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…/์Šคํƒ€ํŠธ์—…์˜ ๋ฐฉ์–ด ์นด๋“œ, LOT Network & Unified Patent: ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ดด๋ฌผ(NPE)์˜ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ด ๋‘๋ ค์šด ๊ธฐ์—…์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ฐฉ์–ด์  ํŠนํ—ˆ ๊ณต์œ  ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์ธ ‘LOT Network’๋‚˜ NPE ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ๋ฌดํšจํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํŠนํ™”๋œ ‘Unified Patent’ ๊ฐ€์ž…์„ ์ ๊ทน ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด๋ณผ ๋งŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ํŠนํ—ˆ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๐Ÿ’ก ์•Œ์•„๋‘์„ธ์š”! ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด ์˜ํšŒ๊นŒ์ง€, ‘์นœํŠนํ—ˆ’ ์ž…๋ฒ• ๋™ํ–ฅ
Stewart ๊ตญ์žฅ์˜ ํ–‰์ •์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜ํšŒ์—์„œ๋„ ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ถŒ์ž ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ๋“ค์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํŠนํ—ˆ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • PREVAIL Act: PTAB(ํŠนํ—ˆ์‹ฌํŒ์›)์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœํŽธํ•˜๊ณ  ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ถŒ์ž ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋„์ „์ž์˜ IPR ๋‚จ์šฉ์„ ๋ง‰๊ณ , ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋“ฑ๋ก๋œ ํŠนํ—ˆ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋ ค๋Š” ์ทจ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • RESTORE Patent Rights Act: ํŠนํ—ˆ ์นจํ•ด ์†Œ์†ก์—์„œ ์Šน์†Œํ•œ ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ถŒ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ‘์˜๊ตฌ์  ํŒ๋งค ๊ธˆ์ง€ ๋ช…๋ น’์„ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์นจํ•ด์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์••๋ฐ• ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • PERA (Patent Eligibility Restoration Act): ํŠนํ—ˆ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ ๊ฒฉ์„ฑ(§ 101)์˜ ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•˜์—ฌ, ํŠนํžˆ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋‚˜ BM ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฐœ๋ช…์ด ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ธธ์„ ์—ด์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

๐Ÿ’ก

2025 USPTO ์ •์ฑ… ๋ณ€ํ™” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์š”์•ฝ

์นœํŠนํ—ˆ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ๊ฐœ๋ง‰: Stewart ๊ตญ์žฅ ์ •์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ถŒ์ž ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€ํญ ๊ฐ•ํ™”.
IPR ๋ฌธํ„ฑ ์ƒ์Šน: Fintiv ๋ฐ ‘์ •์ฐฉ๋œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€’ ์›์น™์œผ๋กœ 6๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ๋œ ํŠนํ—ˆ ๋ฌดํšจํ™” ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์ง.
ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ถŒ์ž ์ „๋žต: ๊ณ„์†์ถœ์› ๋ฐ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ ์ฃผ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ํŠนํ—ˆ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™” ํ•„์š”.
๋„์ „์ž ์ „๋žต: IPR ์‹œ๊ธฐ ์ค€์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ LOT Network ๋“ฑ ๊ณต๋™ ๋ฐฉ์–ด ์ „๋žต ๋ชจ์ƒ‰.

 

์ž์ฃผ ๋ฌป๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ (FAQ)

Q: IPR ์‹ ์ฒญ ์‹œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์‹œ๊ธฐ ์ œํ•œ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
A: ๋ฒ•์  ์‹œํ•œ๊ณผ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์  ์‹œํ•œ, ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์†Œ์†ก ํ”ผ๊ณ  ์‹œ 1๋…„ ๋‚ด ์‹ ์ฒญํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ‘๊ฐ•ํ–‰ ๊ทœ์ •’์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋“ฑ๋ก ํ›„ ์•ฝ 6๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚ฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์†Œ์†ก์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ USPTO๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ‘์‹ค์งˆ์  ์žฅ๋ฒฝ’์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Q: ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋“ฑ๋ก๋œ ์ง€ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ํŠนํ—ˆ๋Š” ์•„์˜ˆ ๋ฌดํšจ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์—†๋‚˜์š”?
A: IPR์„ ํ†ตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ฌดํšจ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ(smoking gun)๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ํ•ด๋‹น ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žฅ๋กฑ ์†์—๋งŒ ์žˆ๋˜ ‘์‹ค์‹œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํŠนํ—ˆ’๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉด ‘์ •์ฐฉ๋œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€’ ์›์น™์˜ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์›์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ฌดํšจ ์†Œ์†ก์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธธ๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์—ด๋ ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Q: ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ์Šคํƒ€ํŠธ์—…์ธ๋ฐ, ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํŠนํžˆ ๋” ๋ถ€๋‹ด์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œ์š”.
A: ์Šคํƒ€ํŠธ์—…์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช… ๋„์ „์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํŠนํ—ˆ ๊ณต์„ธ์— ๋งž์„œ๊ธฐ ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด์ œ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋Œ€์‘๋ณด๋‹ค ‘๊ณต๋™ ๋ฐฉ์–ด’ ์ „๋žต์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. LOT Network์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํšŒ์›์‚ฌ ๊ฐ„ ํŠนํ—ˆ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์•ฝ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ๋‚˜, Unified Patent์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํž˜์„ ํ•ฉ์ณ NPE ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฌดํšจํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์˜ค๋Š˜์€ 2025๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํŠนํ—ˆ ์ œ๋„์˜ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ดค๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ถŒ์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ ˆํ˜ธ์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€, ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๋„์ „์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ, ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ฝ๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋งŒ์ด ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ . ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์Šคํƒ€ํŠธ์—…๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด, ํŠนํ—ˆ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์Šคํƒ€ํŠธ์—…์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ฏธ์„ธ ์กฐ์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ด๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธ€์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์— ์ž‘์€ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ธ์ œ๋“  ๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”! ๐Ÿ˜‰

*๋ณธ ํฌ์ŠคํŒ…์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ •๋ณด ์ œ๊ณต์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠน์ • ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์  ์ž๋ฌธ์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์™€ ์ƒ๋‹ดํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Saturday, September 6, 2025

Patentability of LLM Prompts: Overcoming Abstract Idea Rejections

 

Can a Simple Command to an AI Be Patented? This article provides an in-depth analysis of how LLM prompt techniques can transcend mere ‘ideas’ to be recognized as concrete ‘technical inventions,’ exploring key strategies and legal standards across different countries.

It seems that almost no one around us thinks of protecting prompt techniques or prompts that instruct LLM models with patents. At first, I was also skeptical, wondering, ‘Can a simple command to a computer be patented?’ However, as I delved deeper into this topic, I came to the conclusion that it is entirely possible if certain conditions are met. This article is a summary of the thought process I went through, and please bear in mind that it may not yet be an academically established view. ๐Ÿ˜Š

 

๐Ÿค” Prompts Aren’t Patentable Because They’re Just ‘Human Thoughts,’ Right?

The first hurdle that comes to mind for many is the principle that ‘human mental processes’ are not patentable subject matter. In fact, the argument that “a prompt is fundamentally human involvement, and technology involving such human mental activity is not patentable” is one of the strongest reasons for rejection in patent examination. This standard has been particularly firm since the U.S. Supreme Court’s Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank decision. It means that merely implementing something on a computer that a person could do in their head is not enough to get a patent.

According to this logic, the act of instructing an AI through a prompt is ultimately an expression of human thought, so one could easily conclude that it cannot be patented. However, this argument is half right and half wrong. And this is precisely where our patent strategy begins.

๐Ÿ’ก Good to Know!
What patent law takes issue with as ‘human intervention’ is not the act of giving a command to a system itself. It refers to cases where the core idea of the invention remains at the level of a mental step that can be practically performed in the human mind. Therefore, the key is to prove that our prompt technology transcends this boundary.

 

๐Ÿ“Š A Shift in Perspective: From ‘Command’ to ‘Computer Control Technology’

The first step to unlocking the patentability of prompt technology is to change our perspective. We need to redefine our technology not as ‘a message sent from a human to an AI,’ but as ’a technology that controls the internal computational processes of a complex computer system (LLM) through structured data to solve a technical problem and achieve concrete performance improvements.’

If you take a close look at the algorithm of China’s DeepSeek-R1, you can see that it implements various prompt techniques as they are.

Think about it. The process of assigning a specific expert role to an LLM with billions of parameters, injecting complex library dependency information as context, and combining numerous constraints to control the generation of optimal code is clearly in a realm that ‘cannot practically be performed in the human mind.’ This is a crucial standard for recognizing patent eligibility in the guidelines and case law of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).

 

๐ŸŒ A Comparative Look at Key Examination Standards of Major Patent Offices

The patentability of prompt technology is not assessed uniformly across all countries. If you are considering international filing, it is crucial to understand the subtle differences in perspective among major patent offices.

1. USPTO (United States Patent and Trademark Office) – Emphasis on the Abstract Idea Exception

The USPTO strictly applies the Alice/Mayo two-step test, which originated from Supreme Court case law. Instructions or general linguistic expressions that merely replace human thought processes can be dismissed as “abstract ideas.” However, if it can be demonstrated that the prompt is linked to a concrete technical implementation (e.g., improving model accuracy, optimizing specific hardware operations), there is a chance of it being recognized as patent-eligible subject matter.

2. EPO (European Patent Office) – Focus on Technical Effect

The EPO assesses based on “technical character” and “technical effect.” Simply presenting data input or linguistic rules is considered to lack inventive step, but if the prompt structure serves as a means to solve a technical problem (e.g., improving computational efficiency, optimizing memory usage, enhancing interaction with a specific device), it can be recognized as patent-eligible.

3. KIPO (Korean Intellectual Property Office) – Emphasis on Substantive Requirements for Software Inventions

KIPO places importance on the traditional requirement of “a creation of a technical idea utilizing the laws of nature.” Therefore, a prompt as a mere sentence or linguistic rule is not considered a technical idea, but if it is shown to be combined with a specific algorithm, hardware, or system to produce a concrete technical result, it can be recognized as an invention. In Korean practice, presenting a concrete system structure or processing flow is particularly persuasive.

Key Comparison Summary

Patent Office Key Requirement
USPTO (U.S.) Emphasis on ‘concrete technical implementation’ to avoid the abstract idea exception
EPO (Europe) Proof of ‘technical effect’ is key; simple data manipulation is insufficient
KIPO (Korea) Must be a technical idea using laws of nature + emphasis on systemic/structural implementation
⚠️ Implications for International Filing
The same “LLM prompt” technology could be at risk of being dismissed as an “abstract business method” in the United States, a “non-technical linguistic rule” in Europe, and a “mere idea” in Korea. Therefore, when considering international filing, a strategy that clearly articulates the ‘concrete system architecture’ and ‘measurable technical effects’ throughout the specification is essential as a common denominator.

 

๐Ÿงฎ A Practical Guide to Drafting Patent Claims (Detailed)

So, how should you draft patent claims to avoid the ‘human intervention’ attack and clearly establish that it is a ‘technical invention’? Let’s take a closer look at four key strategies.

1. Set the subject as the ‘computer (processor),’ not the ‘person.’

This is the most crucial step in shifting the focus of the invention from the ‘user’s mental activity’ to the ‘machine’s technical operation.’ It must be specified that all steps of the claim are performed by computer hardware (processor, memory, etc.).

  • Bad ๐Ÿ‘Ž: A method where a user specifies a persona to an LLM and generates code.
  • Good ๐Ÿ‘: A step where a processor, upon receiving a user’s input, assigns a professional persona for a specific programming language to the LLM.

2. Specify the prompt as ‘structured data.’

Instead of abstract expressions like ‘natural language prompt,’ you need to clarify that it is a concrete data structure processed by the computer. This shows that the invention is not just a simple idea.

  • Bad ๐Ÿ‘Ž: A step of providing a natural language prompt to the LLM.
  • Good ๐Ÿ‘: A step of generating and providing to the LLM a machine-readable context schema that includes library names and version constraints.

3. Claim ‘system performance improvement,’ not the result.

Instead of subjective results like ‘good code,’ you must specify objective and measurable effects that substantially improve the computer’s functionality. This is the core of ‘technical effect.’

  • Bad ๐Ÿ‘Ž: A step of generating optimized code.
  • Good ๐Ÿ‘: A step of controlling the LLM’s token generation probability through the schema to generate optimized code that reduces code compatibility errors and saves GPU memory usage.

4. Clarify the ‘automation’ process.

It should be specified that all processes after the initial input (data structuring, LLM control, result generation, etc.) are performed Automatically by the system without further human judgment, demonstrating that it is a reproducible technical process.

 

๐Ÿ“œ Reinforced Claim Example

By integrating all the strategies described above, you can construct a reinforced patent claim as follows.

[Claim] A computer-implemented method for generating optimized code, comprising:

  1. (a) parsing, by a processor, a user’s natural language input to generate a persona identifier defining an expert role for a specific programming language;
  2. (b) generating, by the processor, by referencing said input and an external code repository, structured context data including library names, version constraints, and hardware memory usage limits;
  3. (c) generating, by the processor, a control prompt including said persona identifier and structured context data and transmitting it to an LLM, thereby automatically controlling the internal token generation process of the LLM;
  4. (d) receiving, from said controlled LLM, optimized code that satisfies said constraints and has a compilation error rate below a predefined threshold and reduced GPU memory usage.

→ This example, instead of focusing on a simple result, greatly increases the chances of patent registration by clarifying system-level measurable technical effects such as ‘reduced compilation error rate’ and ‘reduced GPU memory usage.’

 

Frequently Asked Questions ❓

Q: Can a simple prompt like "write a poem about a cat" be patented?
A: No, that in itself is just an idea and would be difficult to patent. The subject of a patent would be a technical method or system that uses a prompt with a specific data structure (e.g., a schema defining poetic devices, rhyme schemes) to control an LLM to generate a poem, resulting in less computational resource usage or more accurate generation of a specific style of poetry.
Q: What are some specific ‘technical effects’ of prompt technology?
A: Typical examples include reduced compilation error rates in code generation, savings in computational resources like GPU and memory, shorter response generation times, and improved output accuracy for specific data formats (JSON, XML, etc.). The important thing is that these effects must be measurable and reproducible.
Q: Do I need to draft claims differently for each country when filing internationally?
A: Yes, while the core strategy is the same, it is advantageous to tailor the emphasis to the points that each patent office values. For example, in a U.S. (USPTO) specification, you would emphasize the ‘concrete improvement of computer functionality,’ in Europe (EPO), the ‘technical effect through solving a technical problem,’ and in Korea (KIPO), the ‘concreteness of the system configuration and processing flow.’

In conclusion, there is a clear path to protecting AI prompts with patents. However, it requires a strategic approach that goes beyond the idea of ‘what to ask’ and clearly demonstrates ‘how to technically control and improve a computer system.’ I hope this article provides a small clue to turning your innovative ideas into powerful intellectual property. If you have any more questions, feel free to ask in the comments~ ๐Ÿ˜Š

※ This blog post is intended for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice on any specific matter. For individual legal issues, please consult a qualified professional.

‘์ถ”์ƒ์  ์•„์ด๋””์–ด’ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ ํŠนํ—ˆ ์ „๋žต

 

AI์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ช…๋ น, ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ? LLM ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ‘์•„์ด๋””์–ด’๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ‘๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๋ฐœ๋ช…’์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ „๋žต๊ณผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ณ„ ๋ฒ•์  ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— LLM ๋ชจ๋ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ง€์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํŠนํ—ˆ๋กœ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฐ›์„ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋„ ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ‘๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ช…๋ น์ธ๋ฐ ์ด๊ฒŒ ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ ๊นŒ?’ ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜๊ตฌ์‹ฌ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊นŠ์ด ํŒŒ๊ณ ๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ, ํŠน์ • ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธ€์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•œ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์•„์ง ํ•™์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋ฆฝ๋œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋Š” ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฝ์–ด์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๐Ÿ˜Š

 

๐Ÿค” ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ, ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ‘์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ’์ด๋ผ ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”?

๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ‘์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ •์‹ ์  ํ™œ๋™’์€ ํŠนํ—ˆ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์›์น™์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ “ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐœ์ž…์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ •์‹ ์  ํ™œ๋™์ด ๊ฐœ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ํŠนํ—ˆ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค”๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ์€ ํŠนํ—ˆ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆ ์ด์œ  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์›์˜ ์•จ๋ฆฌ์Šค ํŒ๋ก€(Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank) ์ดํ›„ ๋”์šฑ ํ™•๊ณ ํ•ด์ง„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด์ฃ . ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์„œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด AI์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ง€์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์† ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ˆ, ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์ฃผ์žฅ์€ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์€ ๋งž๊ณ  ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์€ ํ‹€๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํŠนํ—ˆ ํ™•๋ณด ์ „๋žต์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ’ก ์•Œ์•„๋‘์„ธ์š”!
ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฒ•์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ ์‚ผ๋Š” ‘์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐœ์ž…’์€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋ช…๋ น์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ๋ช…์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์—์„œ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •์‹ ์  ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๋จธ๋ฌด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

๐Ÿ“Š ๊ด€์ ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜: ‘๋ช…๋ น์–ด’์—์„œ ‘์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ’๋กœ

ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ํŠนํ—ˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์—ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฒซ๊ฑธ์Œ์€ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ‘์ธ๊ฐ„์ด AI์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€’๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ’๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(LLM)์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํŠน์ • ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ์–ดํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ’๋กœ ์žฌ์ •์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ DeepSeek-R1์˜ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๊ฐ€๋งŒํžˆ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๊ฐœ์˜ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ LLM์— ํŠน์ • ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ ์˜์กด์„ฑ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ปจํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ œ์•ฝ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•ด ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์€ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํžˆ ‘์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ •์‹  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ(cannot practically be performed in the human mind)’ ์˜์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํŠนํ—ˆ์ƒํ‘œ์ฒญ(USPTO)์˜ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ํŒ๋ก€์—์„œ๋„ ํŠนํ—ˆ ์ ๊ฒฉ์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

๐ŸŒ ์ฃผ์š”๊ตญ ํŠนํ—ˆ์ฒญ๋ณ„ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋น„๊ต

ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ํŠนํ—ˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ์ œ ์ถœ์›์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ฃผ์š”๊ตญ ํŠนํ—ˆ์ฒญ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

1. USPTO (๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํŠนํ—ˆ์ฒญ) – ์ถ”์ƒ์  ์•„์ด๋””์–ด ์˜ˆ์™ธ ๊ฐ•์กฐ

๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํŠนํ—ˆ์ฒญ์€ ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์› ํŒ๋ก€์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋œ Alice/Mayo 2๋‹จ๊ณ„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์—„๊ฒฉํžˆ ์ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์‹œ๋‚˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์–ธ์–ด ํ‘œํ˜„์€ “์ถ”์ƒ์  ์•„์ด๋””์–ด”๋กœ ๋ณด์•„ ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๊ตฌํ˜„(์˜ˆ: ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ •ํ™•๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ , ํŠน์ • ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ์—ฐ์‚ฐ ์ตœ์ ํ™”)์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜๋ฉด ํŠนํ—ˆ ์ ๊ฒฉ์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›์„ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

2. EPO (์œ ๋Ÿฝ ํŠนํ—ˆ์ฒญ) – ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ํšจ๊ณผ(technical effect) ์ค‘์‹ฌ

์œ ๋Ÿฝ ํŠนํ—ˆ์ฒญ์€ ”๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ” ๋ฐ “๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ํšจ๊ณผ”๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์–ธ์–ด ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๋ฐœ๋ช…์„ฑ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์ง€๋งŒ, ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋‹จ(์˜ˆ: ์—ฐ์‚ฐ ํšจ์œจ ๊ฐœ์„ , ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ตœ์ ํ™”, ํŠน์ • ์žฅ์น˜์™€์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ๊ฐ•ํ™”)์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํŠนํ—ˆ ์ ๊ฒฉ์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

3. KIPO (ํ•œ๊ตญ ํŠนํ—ˆ์ฒญ) – ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋ฐœ๋ช…์˜ ์‹ค์ฒด์  ์š”๊ฑด ๊ฐ•์กฐ

ํ•œ๊ตญ ํŠนํ—ˆ์ฒญ์€ “์ž์—ฐ๋ฒ•์น™์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์‚ฌ์ƒ์˜ ์ฐฝ์ž‘”์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์  ์š”๊ฑด์„ ์ค‘์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์–ธ์–ด ๊ทœ์น™์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด์ง€๋งŒ, ํŠน์ • ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜·ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด·์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•จ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐœ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ •๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‹ค๋ฌด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋‚˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ œ์‹œํ•ด์•ผ ์„ค๋“๋ ฅ์ด ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋น„๊ต ์š”์•ฝ

ํŠนํ—ˆ์ฒญ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์š”๊ฑด
USPTO (๋ฏธ๊ตญ) ์ถ”์ƒ์  ์•„์ด๋””์–ด ์˜ˆ์™ธ๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ‘๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ตฌํ˜„’ ๊ฐ•์กฐ
EPO (์œ ๋Ÿฝ) ‘๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ํšจ๊ณผ(technical effect)’ ์ž…์ฆ์ด ํ•ต์‹ฌ. ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์กฐ์ž‘์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€
KIPO (ํ•œ๊ตญ) ์ž์—ฐ๋ฒ•์น™์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์‚ฌ์ƒ + ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ/๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๊ตฌํ˜„ ๊ฐ•์กฐ
⚠️ ๊ตญ์ œ์ถœ์› ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ 
๋™์ผํ•œ “LLM ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๋ผ๋„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” “์ถ”์ƒ์  ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•”์œผ๋กœ, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ๋Š” “๋น„๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์–ธ์–ด ๊ทœ์น™”์œผ๋กœ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” “๋‹จ์ˆœ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด”๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋  ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ตญ์ œ์ถœ์›์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ณตํ†ต๋ถ„๋ชจ์ธ ‘๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์•„ํ‚คํ…์ฒ˜’์™€ ‘์ธก์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ํšจ๊ณผ’๋ฅผ ๋ช…์„ธ์„œ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋Š” ์ „๋žต์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

๐Ÿงฎ ํŠนํ—ˆ ์ฒญ๊ตฌํ•ญ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์‹ค๋ฌด ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ (์ƒ์„ธํŽธ)

๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ‘์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐœ์ž…’์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ  ‘๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๋ฐœ๋ช…’์ž„์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ํŠนํ—ˆ ์ฒญ๊ตฌํ•ญ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ „๋žต 4๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

1. ์ฃผ์–ด๋ฅผ ‘์‚ฌ๋žŒ’์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ‘์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ(ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์„œ)’๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.

์ด๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋ช…์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ ‘์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ์ •์‹  ํ™œ๋™’์—์„œ ‘๊ธฐ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๋™์ž‘’์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒญ๊ตฌํ•ญ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด(ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์„œ, ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋จ์„ ๋ช…์‹œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • Bad ๐Ÿ‘Ž: ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ LLM์— ํŽ˜๋ฅด์†Œ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•.
  • Good ๐Ÿ‘: ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์„œ๊ฐ€(A processor), ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ์„ ์ˆ˜์‹ ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŠน์ • ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ํŽ˜๋ฅด์†Œ๋‚˜๋ฅผ LLM์— ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„.

2. ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ๋ฅผ ‘๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ’๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™”ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.

‘์ž์—ฐ์–ด ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ’์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ถ”์ƒ์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋Œ€์‹ , ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ž„์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋ช…์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹˜์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • Bad ๐Ÿ‘Ž: LLM์— ์ž์—ฐ์–ด ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„.
  • Good ๐Ÿ‘: ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ช…์นญ ๋ฐ ๋ฒ„์ „ ์ œ์•ฝ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ํŒ๋… ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ปจํ…์ŠคํŠธ ์Šคํ‚ค๋งˆ(a machine-readable context schema)๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ LLM์— ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„.

3. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ‘์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ฐœ์„ ’์„ ์ฒญ๊ตฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”.

‘์ข‹์€ ์ฝ”๋“œ’์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ธก์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ช…์‹œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ‘๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ํšจ๊ณผ’์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • Bad ๐Ÿ‘Ž: ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋œ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„.
  • Good ๐Ÿ‘: ์ƒ๊ธฐ ์Šคํ‚ค๋งˆ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด LLM์˜ ํ† ํฐ ์ƒ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ฅ ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ฝ”๋“œ ํ˜ธํ™˜์„ฑ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  GPU ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋œ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„.

4. ‘์ž๋™ํ™”’ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.

์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผ์ •(๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”, LLM ์ œ์–ด, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ)์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ํŒ๋‹จ ์—†์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ(Automatically) ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ช…์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ, ์žฌํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค์ž„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค˜์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

๐Ÿ“œ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋œ ์ฒญ๊ตฌํ•ญ ์˜ˆ์‹œ

์•ž์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ์ „๋žต๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋œ ํŠนํ—ˆ ์ฒญ๊ตฌํ•ญ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

[์ฒญ๊ตฌํ•ญ] ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋œ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ตฌํ˜„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ์„œ,

  1. (a) ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์–ด ์ž…๋ ฅ์„ ํŒŒ์‹ฑํ•˜์—ฌ, ํŠน์ • ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํŽ˜๋ฅด์†Œ๋‚˜ ์‹๋ณ„์ž๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„;
  2. (b) ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ฝ”๋“œ ์ €์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ช…์นญ๊ณผ ๋ฒ„์ „ ์ œ์•ฝ์กฐ๊ฑด, ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ•œ๊ณ„์น˜๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”๋œ ์ปจํ…์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ(structured context data)๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„;
  3. (c) ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ ํŽ˜๋ฅด์†Œ๋‚˜ ์‹๋ณ„์ž ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”๋œ ์ปจํ…์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ์–ด ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ LLM์— ์ „์†กํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, LLM์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ํ† ํฐ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„;
  4. (d) ์ƒ๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๋œ LLM์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, ์ƒ๊ธฐ ์ œ์•ฝ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์ปดํŒŒ์ผ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜์œจ์ด ์‚ฌ์ „ ์ •์˜๋œ ์ž„๊ณ„๊ฐ’ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ด๋ฉฐ GPU ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ์†Œ๋œ ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋œ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•.

→ ์ด ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ‘์ปดํŒŒ์ผ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜์œจ ๊ฐ์†Œ’, ‘GPU ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œ’์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ธก์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํŠนํ—ˆ ๋“ฑ๋ก ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋†’์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

์ž์ฃผ ๋ฌป๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ ❓

Q: “๊ณ ์–‘์ด ์‹œ๋ฅผ ์จ์ค˜” ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ๋„ ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
A: ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜์—ฌ ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํ—ˆ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ ์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํŠน์ • ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ(์˜ˆ: ์‹œ์  ์žฅ์น˜, ์šด์œจ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•œ ์Šคํ‚ค๋งˆ)๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ LLM์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ปดํ“จํŒ… ์ž์›์„ ๋œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํŠน์ • ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์˜ ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‚˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Q: ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ‘๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ํšจ๊ณผ’๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
A: ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ”๋“œ ์ƒ์„ฑ ์‹œ ์ปดํŒŒ์ผ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜์œจ ๊ฐ์†Œ, GPU๋‚˜ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ปดํ“จํŒ… ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์Šค ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ ˆ๊ฐ, ์‘๋‹ต ์ƒ์„ฑ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ์ถ•, ํŠน์ • ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ˜•์‹(JSON, XML ๋“ฑ)์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ •ํ™•๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ธก์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฌํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Q: ๊ตญ์ œ ์ถœ์› ์‹œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ฒญ๊ตฌํ•ญ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
A: ๋„ค, ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ „๋žต์€ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ ํŠนํ—ˆ์ฒญ์ด ์ค‘์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ํฌ์ธํŠธ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ๊ฐ•์กฐ์ ์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ(USPTO) ๋ช…์„ธ์„œ์—๋Š” ‘์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ๊ฐœ์„ ’์„, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ(EPO)์—๋Š” ‘๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ํšจ๊ณผ’๋ฅผ, ํ•œ๊ตญ(KIPO)์—๋Š” ‘์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํ๋ฆ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์„ฑ’์„ ๋” ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ, AI ํ”„๋กฌํ”„ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํŠนํ—ˆ๋กœ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ธธ์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ‘๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€’๋ผ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์˜ ์ฐจ์›์„ ๋„˜์–ด, ‘์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€’๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ „๋žต์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธ€์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ง€์‹์žฌ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ž‘์€ ์‹ค๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”~ ๐Ÿ˜Š

Sunday, January 12, 2025

Who Might Be the Next USPTO Director? (Gene Quinn)

Who Might Be the Next USPTO Director? (Gene Quinn)

A blog post published by Gene Quinn, founder of IPWatchdog.com and a prominent intellectual property commentator, on November 19, 2024, has recently regained attention.

Insiders familiar with President-elect Trump’s plans have speculated that the next Director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) might come from a major tech corporation. However, Quinn predicts that Trump is unlikely to appoint a Big Tech executive. He bases this on Trump’s preference for disruptive change and several contextual factors supporting his argument.

Quinn identifies three key points as evidence:

  1. The chair of the FCC under the Trump administration has already announced plans to investigate Big Tech companies thoroughly.
  2. The America Invents Act (AIA), now a target for reform by Congress, was heavily influenced during its drafting by individuals with Big Tech affiliations.
  3. Big Tech corporations are also the primary users of the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB), leveraging inter partes review (IPR) proceedings to invalidate patents, often undermining the rights of innovators developing cutting-edge technologies.

Against this backdrop, Quinn argues that the next USPTO Director must break away from the current system’s corporate favoritism, deeply understand the struggles of independent inventors, small businesses, and startups, and actively foster innovation.

Key Qualifications for the Next USPTO Director

Quinn emphasizes that over 90% of the USPTO's workload involves patent examination and issuance. Based on this, he outlines the ideal qualifications for the role:

  • A deep understanding of the patent system.
  • Experience advocating for patent holders in litigation or PTAB proceedings.
  • Personal experience navigating an unjust rejection in the patent application process.

A Comparison with South Korea

In South Korea, the selection criteria for appointing the head of the Korean Intellectual Property Office (KIPO) often differ significantly. Corporate or practical IP experience is not always a priority. Instead, organizational management skills, the ability to mediate interdepartmental interests, and political considerations are key factors. While there is no definitive answer to which approach is superior, the U.S. practice of drawing from a broader talent pool to align with a new administration’s vision is an enviable feature of their system.

A Vision for Leadership

Gene Quinn’s perspective on the USPTO Director’s role resonates with many:

"the next USPTO Director must understand what presently works, what is in serious need of reform, and then be able to improve the system for all stakeholders, not just big tech. Encouraging more innovation, particularly in areas of critical and emerging technologies, like artificial intelligence, should be a mandatory prerequisite."

Looking Ahead

Given Trump’s strong desire for disruptive change, there is hope that his choice for the next USPTO Director will reflect the aspirations of independent inventors, startups, investors, small businesses, public research institutions, large corporations, IP professionals, and academia alike.

Timing of the Appointment

It is worth noting, however, that appointments to key innovation-related agencies in the U.S. typically occur in late spring or early summer after a president’s inauguration. Considering the pace of Trump’s team formation and his recent announcement regarding the nomination of Howard Lutnick, it remains uncertain when the USPTO Director will be appointed.

As Trump Administration Takes Shape, a Big Tech Pick for USPTO Seems Far-Fetched


์œ ๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ USPTO ์ฒญ์žฅ ํ›„๋ณด๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ผ๊นŒ? (Gene Quinn)

IPWatchdog.com์„ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•œ ์ง€์‹์žฌ์‚ฐ ๋…ผํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ง„ ํ€ธ(Gene Quinn) ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ 2024๋…„ 11์›” 19์ผ์— ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ ๊ธ€์ด ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ๋‹น์„ ์ธ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ์ •์„ ์ž˜ ์•„๋Š” ์ด๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฐจ๊ธฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํŠนํ—ˆ์ƒํ‘œ์ฒญ(USPTO) ์ฒญ์žฅ์ด ํŠน์ • ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—… ์ถœ์‹  ์ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฌธ์ด ๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ€ธ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋Š” ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ๋‹น์„ ์ธ์ด ๋น… ํ…Œํฌ(Big Tech) ์ถœ์‹ ์„ ์ง€๋ช…ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ๊ดด์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๊ณผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ •ํ™ฉ์„ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ํŽผ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ€ธ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ๋‹ค์Œ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  1. ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€์˜ FCC ์œ„์›์žฅ์ด ๋น… ํ…Œํฌ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง‘์ค‘ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๊ณ ํ•œ ์ .
  2. ์˜ํšŒ์˜ ๊ฐœํ˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋ฒ•(AIA) ์ œ์ • ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋น… ํ…Œํฌ ์ถœ์‹ ๋“ค์ด ๊นŠ์ด ๊ด€์—ฌํ•œ ์ .
  3. ํŠนํ—ˆ์‹ฌํŒ์›(PTAB)์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ๋˜ํ•œ ๋น… ํ…Œํฌ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋“ค์ด ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฌดํšจ์‹ฌํŒ(IPR)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ ๋„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด๋ ฅํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ ๊ทน ๋‚˜์„œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ .

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ํ€ธ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋Š” ์ฐจ๊ธฐ USPTO ์ฒญ์žฅ์ด ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—… ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€ํŒŒํ•˜๊ณ , ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๊ฐ€, ์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…, ์Šคํƒ€ํŠธ์—…์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊นŠ์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ๋ฌผ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํŠนํ—ˆ์ฒญ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ํŠนํ—ˆ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ๋ฐœ๊ธ‰์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ฐจ๊ธฐ USPTO ์ฒญ์žฅ ํ›„๋ณด์ž๋กœ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ธ๋ฌผ์˜ ์š”๊ฑด์„ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ํŠนํ—ˆ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊นŠ์€ ์ดํ•ด.
  • ํŠนํ—ˆ๊ถŒ์ž์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ์†Œ์†ก์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ PTAB์—์„œ ๋ฌดํšจ์‹ฌํŒ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ.
  • ํŠนํ—ˆ ์ทจ๋“ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ถ€๋‹นํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ.

ํ•œํŽธ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŠนํ—ˆ์ฒญ์žฅ ์ธ์„  ์‹œ ๊ธฐ์—… ์ถœ์‹ ์ด๋‚˜ ํŠนํ—ˆ ์‹ค๋ฌด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์ฃผ์š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์‹  ์กฐ์ง ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€์ฒ˜์™€์˜ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„ ์กฐ์ • ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •์น˜์  ๊ณ ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ˆ˜์žฅ์€ ์‹œ๋Œ€์  ์†Œ๋ช…์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—, ์–ด๋А ์ธ์„  ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ์ •๋‹ต์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹จ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ธ์žฌ ํ’€์—์„œ ์ฐจ๊ธฐ ๋น„์ „์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ํ›„๋ณด์ž๋ฅผ ์„ ์ž„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”๋Š” ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ง„ ํ€ธ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์ฐจ๊ธฐ USPTO ์ฒญ์žฅ์˜ ์ž๊ฒฉ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ์„ ์–ป๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

"์ฐจ๊ธฐ USPTO ์ฒญ์žฅ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ , ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๊ฐœํ˜์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—…๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐœ์„ ์— ์•ž์žฅ์„ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ(AI)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."

ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ๋‹น์„ ์ธ์€ ํŒŒ๊ดด์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŒํผ, ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๊ฐ€, ์Šคํƒ€ํŠธ์—…, ํˆฌ์ž์ž, ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…, ๊ณต๊ณต ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€, ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—…, ํŠนํ—ˆ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ํ•™๊ณ„์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋‹ด์•„ ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

※ ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ˜์‹  ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ˆ˜์žฅ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ์ทจ์ž„ ํ›„ ๋Šฆ๋ด„์ด๋‚˜ ์ดˆ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์—์•ผ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ๋‹น์„ ์ธ์˜ ํŒ€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•  ๋•Œ, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ŸฌํŠธ๋‹‰(Lutnick)์„ ์ง€๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ์ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด, USPTO ์ฒญ์žฅ ์ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์ œ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ ์ง€๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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